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2019南京大学考研英语:词、句、段等常见语言错误

作者:金陵南大考研网 来源:njuyz.com 浏览:2105 次 发布时间:2018/6/12

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2019南京大学考研英语:词、句、段等常见语言错误


一、从词的层面来说,常见的问题包括:

1)词性使用错误

比如“Some children study very diligent”,这句话中,diligent是形容词,不能修饰动词study,必须改为diligently 或者hard


2)随意编造词汇

08年的作文中,图画展示了两个残疾人互相搀扶,扔掉拐杖的画面。有学生写到“Both of the two men need lamesticks”,显然,学生因为不记得拐杖的英语表达,自己生造了lamesticks这个词。实际上,可用来表达拐杖的意义的词很多,比如stickwalking stick,staff, crutch,cane等。实在不会,也可以用helping tools, exterior supports ,walkingaids, sticks that help them to walk等间接的表达方式,无论如何也不能编造单词,更不能用汉语拼音Guai Zhang

 

二、从句子的层面上来说,常见的问题包括结构错误和语意错误两方面

常见的结构错误有:

1)谓语部分错误,比如系动词缺失和非谓语动词用作谓语部分

Our world will bright if everyone shows love to others willbright中间缺失 be。而像My plan of financial aid including 200 yuan in cash every month to thechild 这样的表达在学生的作文中屡见不鲜。


2)介词与连词.副词使用错误

介词后面需要接的是名词或名词性结构,连词连接的是句子,两个概念一定要搞清楚。在She is forced toleave school owing to her parents can’t afford tuition 中,owing to 后面是一个完整的句子,而owing to是个连词,所以用在这里是错用的,必须换成becausefor等连词。


3)句式糅杂

常常见到学生在作文中写类似下面的句子,There is a young man is asking his barber to cut his hairin David Beckham’s style

除了结构上的问题外,汉语的思维习惯也会导致学生写出很多看似正确,实则chinglish 的句子,诸如 I am impossibleto fulfill the task, A single person’s ability can not solve these problems 之类的句子。

前一句话中I impossible 主语与表语不搭配,后一句话中主语ability 谓语solve不搭配。所以,前者可以改为It is impossible for me to fulfill the task,.后者可以改为 A single person is unable to solve these problems

 

三、从段落层面上来说,主要是段落内部句子与句子之间支持与衔接的问题

1)主题句与支撑句的匹配问题

If we let this trend continue, we will go into a bigtrouble. Firstly, a nationwide campaign should be launched to help students todevelop a right attitude towards study. Secondly, the government should reformthe traditional education system.

在上面这段话中,首句主题句着眼于问题将更加严重化,但支撑句并没有围绕问题如何变得严重化展开,而是重点谈论采取的措施。

因此,将首句改为 we should takeeffective measures to prevent problems from getting worse 会使得段内内容更就中心突出。


2)句子间内容的衔接也是十分关键的

比如下面这段话:As is vividlydepicted in the picture, an American girl wears traditional Chinese costume andlooks very happy. The American girl is very interested in Chinese girl is veryinterested in Chinese clothes. The picture reflects cultural exchange.

此段话补充些揭示主题的表达,改为As is vividly depicted in the picture, an American girlwears traditional Chinese costume and looks very happy. Her charming smileindicates that she, a girl deeply influenced by western culture, is veryinterested in Chinese girl is very interested in Chinese clothes---a symbol ofChinese culture. Amazingly, this picture reflects cultural exchange

 

那么,这些问题我们改如何解决呢?

词汇和句式的问题属于语法的范畴,大家需要找一本最基本的语法书,好好巩固一些语法知识。而汉式英语的问题,则需要大家通过大量背诵优美的范文来实现。至于段落的问题,则需要好好总结考研写作固定的行文套路。



  

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